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艺术宝库

 




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     P H O T O G R A P H E R

 A lIFE TIME ASSIGNMENT: COMPARE AND CONTRAST


插图2 比尔·布兰特的黑白世界

      Part1.

  The strange career of Bill Brandt (1904-83), the German-born British photographer, invariably raises[1] questions about a rift. Why did the photojournalist who documented the stark contrast between England's rich and poor before World War II suddenly abandon his social mission and start creating surreal, high-contrast nudes and landscapes? What links the man who photographed[2] miners with coal-blackened faces and white teeth to the man who photographed women's blurry white limbs against black rocky cliffs? The quick answer is: contrast.
  As a freelance[3] documentary photographer for picture magazines, Brandt photographed poor children with dirty faces and rich ones with rosy cheeks, miners' wives scrubbing their husbands over metal washtubs and parlormaids carefully testing the bath water for their mistresses. When a piece of the social puzzle was missing, Brandt simply set up the shot. He created his famous photograph of a parlormaid testing the bath water by asking his rich uncle's maid to pose. He also drew on[4] his family for his photographs of socialites.
   "The extreme social contrasts during those years before the war were, visually, very inspiring for me," he said in 1970. When the war came, it gave Brandt new kinds of contrast, new kinds of jarring detail: living people lying in crypts meant for[5] the dead, subway stations full of sleepers, cathedrals towering over rubble. Alas, though, the exciting new war material did not last. Brandt lamented that after the war his "enthusiasm for reportage" waned because "England was no longer a country of marked social contrast."

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注释:

1.raise:你一定很熟悉raise作为“举起、升起”时的用法,其实 raise 是意义很灵活的及物动词,比如在这儿,raise 是 “提出”,raise a question 即“提出问题”,再如这句话:There's one point I'd like to raise.

2.What links the man who photographed ...:这一句乍看很复杂,其实只要找到它的主句,就很容易理解。主句是:What links the man to the man ? 两个 the man都用 who 的定语从句来修饰,link ... to... 是“使和……联系起来”。那么本句表达的是:是什么使一个……的人同一个……的人联系起来?你看,只要找到关键,问题就迎认而解了。

3.freelance:这个词很有渊源,首先看它的结构:lance 是“骑兵用的长矛”,freelance字面意义是“自由的长矛”。在中世纪时,它表示:雇佣兵,很形象吧!到了近代,它就引申为“以出卖文稿等为生的自由记者、作者等”,的确记者需要一点骑士的勇敢精神,才敢直言报道。

4.draw sth./sb. on: 表示“用作来源”,现在有些小报常有不实的报道,因为:If newspapermen cannot get facts for their stories, they sometimes draw on their imaginations. 如果记者们采访不到事实真相来写报道,他们有时就凭想象力去编造。


 



一生的追求:比较与对比(一)

  德国出生的英国摄影家比尔·布兰特的奇特经历不断地在出现断层。为什么这样一个在二战前记录英国贫富悬殊的新闻摄影师会突然放弃他的社会职责而转向超现实的,高对比度的裸体及风景作品创作呢?是什么使一个拍摄有黝黑面孔和洁白牙齿的矿工的人和一个拍摄靠在黑色岩石峭壁上的女人的模糊的雪白肢体的人联系在一起呢?快速的答案是:对比。

  作为为图片杂志拍摄纪实照片的自由摄影师,布兰特拍摄了面部肮脏的贫家儿女和有着玫瑰色面颊的富家子弟,拍摄金属洗澡盆上用力擦洗丈夫的矿工妻子和小心地为主妇调试洗澡水的仆人们。当布兰特错过一个社会难题(场景)时,他就简单地再安排一个。他曾让他富有的叔叔的仆人摆出姿势,并以此拍摄了他著名的一个调试洗澡水的仆人的照片。他也利用家人来拍摄社会名流的照片。

  “战前那些年中的社会地位的悬殊对比从视觉上激起了我的灵感。”布兰特在1970年说。战争的降临给布兰特带来各种新的对比,各种不和谐的细节:活人躺在为死人准备的教堂地下室里,地铁站里睡满了人,天主教堂高耸于碎砖瓦砾之上。唉,但是,这个令人兴奋的战争新题材并没有持续多久。战争结束后,布兰特惋惜地感到他对“新闻报道的热情”消退了,因为“英格兰不再是一个有着突出社会对比的国家。”

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5.
mean (for):mean这里是“意欲;决定;预定”,例如:I meant this for my son. 我打算把这个给我的儿子。