I have lying, over me in Halicarnassus, a gigantic monument such as no other dead person has, adorned in the finest way with statues of horses and men carved most realistically from the best quality marble. King Maussollos[1]in Lucian[2] 's "Dialogues of the Dead"
Location In the city of Bodrum (Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey.
History When the Persians expanded their ancient kingdom to include Mesopotamia, Northern India, Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor, the king could not control his vast empire without the help of local governors or rulers-- the Satraps. Like many other provinces, the kingdom of Caria in the western part of Asia Minor (Turkey) was so far from the Persian capital that it was practically autonomous. From 377 to 353 BC, king Mausollos of Caria reigned and moved his capital to Halicarnassus.
Nothing is exciting about Maussollos life except
[3] the construction of his tomb. The project was conceived by his wife Artemisia, and the construction might have started during the king's lifetime. The Mausoleum was completed around 350 BC, three years after Maussollos's death, and one year after Artemisia's.
For 16 centuries, the Mausoleum remained in good condition until an earthquake caused some damage to the roof and colonnade. In the early fifteenth century, the Knights of St John of Malta invaded the region and built a massive crusader castle. When they decided to fortify it in 1494, they used the stones of the Mausoleum. By 1522, almost every block of the Mausoleum had been disassembled and used for construction.
Today, the massive castle still stands in Bodrum, and the polished stone and marble blocks of the Mausoleum can be spotted[4] within the walls of the structure. Some of the sculptures survived and are today on display at the British Museum in London. These include fragment of statues and many slabs of the frieze showing the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons[5].At the site of the Mausoleum itself, only the foundation remains of the once magnificent Wonder.

摩索拉斯亡灵

　　我长眠于哈利卡那苏斯，在我上面就是那其他逝者从不曾拥有的巨大陵墓，陵墓上装点着各种写实主义风格的马匹和人物的雕像，这些雕像都是用质地最好的大理石雕刻成的，美仑美焕。 ——卢西安的《冥间的对话·摩索拉斯》

位置：
　　位于土耳其的西南部，爱琴海沿岸的波卓姆城（哈利卡那苏斯）。

历史：
　　波斯人不断地开拓疆土，最终他们古老帝国的版图囊括了美索不达米亚、南亚次大陆的北 部、叙利亚、埃及和小亚细亚，此时如果没有地方长官或统治者——总督们的帮助，波斯国王已无法控制住他的疆域辽阔的大帝国。象许多其它的省份一样，小亚细亚西部的加里亚王国（土耳其）离波斯的首都非常遥远，因此实际上独立自主的。前377年至前353年，国王摩索拉斯统治着加里亚王国并把都城迁到哈利卡那苏斯。

　　国王摩索拉斯一生中除了建造他的陵墓外没有作出过任何丰功伟绩。这个工程是由他的妻子阿提弥西亚构思而成的。陵墓的建造可能在国王生前就已经开始了。摩索拉斯的陵墓的完工约在公元前350年，也就是在摩索拉斯死后三年，阿提弥西亚死后一年完成的。

　　摩索拉斯陵墓完好无损的矗立了16个世纪，直到一场地震损坏了它的房顶和柱廊。在15世纪初，马耳他的圣约翰骑士团入侵这个地区，并修建了一座高大的十字军城堡。在1494年，当他们决定去加固城堡时，利用了陵墓的石块作为建造城堡的石料。到1522年为止，几乎摩索拉斯陵墓的每块石头都被拆卸下来，用于城堡的建设。

　　如今，这座高大的城堡仍然屹立在波卓姆城中，在城堡的墙面上，抛光的石块和大理石还清晰可辩。部分浮雕幸存了下来，现在伦敦大英博物馆展出。其中包括塑像的碎片和许多描绘希腊人与阿玛戎之间战斗场面的浮雕饰带板。而在摩索拉斯陵墓的遗址上仅存留下这个曾辉煌一度的奇观的地基。