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Part 2. First find your shark. Then make sure he finds you. They will come all the way[1] to the source of the scent, though if they get too close to the bait they will become too excited to allow good photography. If you wish, you can touch them; they are interested only in the fish and will not harm you. With this technique you can almost train sharks to act as models in front of you, and can plan your pictures in detail. The sharks will keep circling until the scent gets too diluted, when they lose interest and start to withdraw. That is when you squeeze out some more juice. Use relatively long lenses from 24 up to 50mm to allow a bit of distance. When close to a diver, sharks swim faster and you have less control of the angle. An autofocus camera with focus-tracking is a big advantage because the creatures are constantly moving. Shutter[2] speeds of 1/125 or faster are necessary to avoid blur. To compensate for these fast times and get a small enough f-stop[3], use 100 ASA[4] film. With modern films like Fuji-chrome Provia, 100 ASA will give excellent sharpness. |
注释： 1．all the way：你可能知道许多和 way 有关的词组，比如 on the way to ... “在去……的路上”；by the way 是“顺便问一句”，那么这里的 all the way 又是什么意思呢？根据字面，我们可以推断它有“全程”的意思，另外 all the way 还可以引申为“一直”，比如下面的句子：Jack climbed all the way to the top of the tree. 杰克一直爬到了树顶。 2．shutter： 有两种涵义，一种是“百页窗，卷闸门”的意思，另一种是“（照相机镜头的）快门”，显然这里 shutter 是第二个意思。 3．f-stop：（摄影中的）光圈；光圈数。
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Remember the big contrast between a shark's dark grey back and white belly and mouth. Aim to[6] get the mouth properly exposed, which means underexposing the back. A slightly upward angle is good, with the shark contrasting against the sunlight. Shooting downwards is a waste of time, because there will be no contrast between the shark's back and the water or the bottom. Ideally you should get so close that the expression in the eyes is clearly visible. A full-frontal view is exciting, but difficult because the shark will always turn side-on to the diver, "listening" with its sensitive sideline. I have not yet to get a perfect full-on picture. Having a diver in the picture makes it more interesting. Because the shark shape is so evocative[7], plain silhouette shots against the light with divers have a lot of impact. |
4. ASA：（略）American Standards Association 美国标准规格协会，用以标志胶卷标准曝光指数。 6．aim to do sth.： 是“计划，以……为目标”，aim 后面也可以跟动名词形式，构成aim at doing sth. 的形式，表达相同的意思。我们能说：Harry aims at becoming a doctor.也可以说：Harry aims to be a doctor. 7．evocative：本词乍看起来很陌生，其实却是我们的老朋友了。因为 evocative 就是动词 evoke的形容词形式。evoke 意思是“召唤，引起”，它的形容词当然是“唤起的；召唤的”意思。比如：evocative words 是“勾起回忆和感情的言语”。 |
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A surer route to sensational pictures is double exposure. Before you dive, mark the exact starting position on the film. After taking a series of pictures of, for example, a diver in the upper part of the frame in sunlight, with the lower part underexposed, surface and rewind the film to the initial mark. Then take a series of sharks with flashlight[8] in the lower part of the frame. Appeared in DIVER - August 1998   
鲨鱼会一直循着气味追踪到源头，不过如果它们太靠近鱼饵，就会变得过于兴奋而使你难以拍到好照片。如果你愿意，你甚至可以触摸它们； 它们仅仅对鱼感兴趣而不会伤害到你。用这种技巧，你几乎可以当面象训练模特一样训练它们，并且能周密地计划你要拍的照片。 鲨鱼会一直在你周围游动，直到气味变得稀释。当它们失去兴趣而游走时，你就应该再挤些汁液来。 用24到50毫米间的长镜头来进行距离稍远的拍摄。当鲨鱼靠近潜水员时，会游得更快，这样你也就更难控制角度。最好用一个可以追踪焦点的自动调焦相机来拍摄，因为你所拍摄的对象总在不停地移动。 速度为1/125或更快一点的快门可以避免模糊不清的效果。为了弥补时间太短的缺陷并得到足够小的光圈，得用100
ASA的胶卷。用现在的胶卷，如富士胶卷，100 ASA就可以达到非常好的清晰度了。 在照片中鲨鱼被水完全环绕着时，照相机的镜头测光控制系统通常会不太好用。反光面太小，而镜头测光控制系统会感光过度。在这种情况下，要利用周围的光线曝光，并使用手动闪光灯。 拍摄时牢记鲨鱼深灰色的背部和白色的腹部和嘴的突出对比。为了能使鲨鱼的嘴部有适当的感光度，就意味着要使鲨鱼背部感光不足。稍稍向上的角度，使鲨鱼位于阳光之下，这样会得到很好的效果。 从上往下拍摄是在浪费时间，因为这样就不会有鲨鱼背部和水及腹部的对比。 最理想的拍摄方式是，离鲨鱼尽可能地近，这样你就能清楚地捕捉到鲨鱼眼睛里的表情。 完全的正面像是令人激动的，但是这往往难以做到，因为鲨鱼总是把侧面对着潜水员，用它敏感的身体侧面去
“聆听”你的一举一动。我还没有拍到一个完美的全方位照片。 如果有一个潜水员出现在照片中，那么照片就显得更有趣。因为鲨鱼的形状非常有号召力，而一个背光的简洁轮廓和一个潜水员会显得很刺激。 拍到精彩照片的更有保障的途径是双重曝光。在你潜水前，在胶卷上开始的地方精确地做个记号。比如拍完一系列照片后，在阳光下的潜水员位于镜头的上半部处，而镜头的下半部要不完全曝光，浮出水面并将胶卷倒转到初始位置。然后在镜头的下半部分用闪光灯来拍摄鲨鱼。 登载于1998年8月《潜水员》杂志。
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