Passage 15

　　As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak parts in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place "off the job" in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes "on the job", by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.
　　It is always difficult to evaluate the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.
　　71. To be successful in our training programs, we must understand the difference
　　between .
　　 A) a job description and a job specification
　　 B) what is taught and how it is taught
　　 C) learning about skills and training in using them
　　 D) the savings in time and the savings in cost
　　72. The success of a training program depends on .
　　 A) the places where the training takes place
　　 B) the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the program
　　 C) the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the program
　　 D) the training methods and the quality of the training staff
　　73. A training specification specifies .
　　 A) the performance required for a certain job.
　　 B) the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employee
　　 C) the training contents and methods
　　 D) the costs and savings of the program
　　74. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
　　 A) As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff
　　　　is highly necessary.
　　 B) A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description
　　　　and a job specification.
　　 C) Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same
　　　　place.
　　 D) It is easier to evaluate management training than to evaluate the training of workers
　　　　and technicians.
　　75. The best title for this passage could be .
　　 A) A Successful Training Program
　　 B) How to Describe and Specify a job
　　 C) Staff Training
　　 D) The Importance of Training Workers and Technicians