| 当前位置: 洪恩在线 -> 继续教育 -> 我要考研 -> 课程辅导 |
|
请给我们来信! 我要发言 |
第五章 辨错与改错
辨错改错部分是在职人员英语水平考试中唯一测试语法内容的单项。它主要测试考生对英语基本句型、句子结构和语法知识的熟悉和掌握程度,考察考生辨认并改正语言知识在运用时出现的各种错误的能力。此部分共10题,每题1分(辨错与改错各0.5分),考试时间为10分钟。要想能够准确快捷地答题,考生除了全面牢固地掌握语法知识外,还应了解试题的命题意图,常见错误设置,辨错思路及改错要领。 |
|
(答案:C has been expressed,应为被动语态) Not too many (A)years ago (B)my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C)jogging in public (D)。 (答案:C to be seen,应为被动语态) He was seeing (A)somebody creeping (B)into the house through (C)the open (D)window last night. (答案:A saw,表示结果的感官动词没有进行时) If it doesn′t (A)rain within (B)the next few weeks,the crops (C)will have to be watered if they are to be survived (D)。 (答案:D to survive,survive此处为非及物动词) [辨错思路] 如果句中动词划有横线,考生就应分析一下是否时态有错误,即动词的时态形式是否与句中给出的或暗示的时间状语相呼应;动词的语态形式与所涉及的人或物的关系是施动还是受动,是受动关系就要用被动式。 [改错要领] 1.掌握与某个特定时态连用的时间状语。 与现在时连用的时间状语有:every day,always,usually,sometimes,twice a week,often等; 与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:recently,lately,since,already,so far,these days,for,yet,in (over,during)the last(past)two years(months,weeks)等; 与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by 2000(the end of this year),up to 21st century,when从句等; 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:by(up to)1960(或其他过去时间),between 1914 and 1945(或其他过去时间)。 2.注意不同时态的配合与呼应。 |
|
主句是将来时,从句可以是现在完成时,一般现在时; 5.动词短语作谓语的被动语态句中,注意不要将介词丢掉;如样题辨错改错部分(1)。 |
|
The demand for (A)electricity can (B)not readily be met were it not (C)for another source of (D)energy——nuclear power. (答案:B could,表示非真实的假设) Victor obviously (A)doesn′t know what′s happened (B);otherwise he didn′t make (C)such a (D)stupid remark. (答案:C wouldn′t have made,otherwise连接虚拟分句) Without (A)the friction between their (B)feet and the ground,people will (C)in no way (D)be able to walk. (答案:C would,介词without引导虚拟条件) So great (A)was (B)the influence of Thomas paine on (C)his own time that John Adams suggested that the era was called (D)“The Age of Paine”。 (答案:D be called,suggest后接宾语从句,其谓语应用动词原形) Emphasis is laid on (A)the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B)take into (C)account before starting (D)a new project. (答案:C be taken into,necessity后接同位语从句,其谓语应用动词原形) It (A)is essential that (B)all these figures are to be (C)checked twice (D)。 (答案:C be,形容词essential要求其主语从句的谓语用动词原形) [辨错思路] 注意查找句中表示虚拟语气的线索和信号: 1.如果试题中出现连词if,应仔细研究句子的语义,分辨它引导的是真实条件,还是虚拟条件,如果是表示假定的虚拟语气意义,则看一下主、从句中的谓语动词是否采用了相应的形式。 2.看到一个句子时,一定要弄明白句中条件和结果两部分的时间所指,再看谓语动词形式是否与所指时间一致。 |
|
3.观察题句中是否出现表示建议、命令、意愿的词语(无论是动词、还是其派生出
的形容词、名词),审查后接that从句中谓语是否用(should)动词原形。 [改错要领] |
|
7.下列固定句型需使用虚拟语气: …would rather that…动词过去式/过去完成式… It is(high)time that…动词过去式… If only…动词过去式/过去完成式 If it were/had been not for… 三、情态动词常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.考情态动词表达推断、预测的逻辑意义。 2.考“情态动词+动词完成式”表达的虚拟意义。 所设置的错误通常出现在情态动词后接的动词形式上,即是接不定式的一般式,还是接不定式的完成式。 例句: That small country at one time (A)must be (B)prosperous,for (C)it enjoyed a high level (D)of civilization. (答案:B must have been,表示对过去的肯定推测) In a (A)way I agree with you,but I think (B)you could present (C)your arguement in a much better (D)way. (答案:C could have presented,表示“本来可以…”但实际没有做的虚拟意义) I regret having left (A)the work unfinished (B);I should plan (C)everything ahead (D)carefully. (答案:C should have planned,表示“本应该做”而实际未做的虚拟意义) A piece of evidence shows (A)that life may exist (B)on earth (C)38 billion years ago (D)。 (答案:B may have existed,表示根据逻辑推理对过去事情作出的可能性推测) I got up early (A)but I didn′t need to do (B)so,because (C)I had no work to do (D)that morning. (答案:B needn′t have done,表示做了不必做的事) |
|
He knew (A)that she mustn′t have taken (B)the book as (C)she hadn′t been (D)in the house at that time. (答案:B couldn′t have taken,表示对过去的否定推测) [辨错思路] 反复阅读题句,正确理解句子的含义,确定其表达推测、判断的语气是强烈还是缓和(委婉),语义是禁止、允许、劝阻、警告、评论还是惋惜,据此辨别句中划线的情态动词用词是否准确,所接动词形式是否符合语义要求,从而找出错误所在。从以往试题来看,有关情态动词的错误大都设置在该接动词完成式而误用一般式,请考生注意这一点。 [改错要领] 把握不同的情态动词加动词不定式完成式表示的各种意义: 1.must have过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定…”。 2.can′t/couldn′t have过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没…”。 3.may/might have过去分词,表示对已发生的事情作不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许…”。 4.needn′t have过去分词,表示作了不必做的事,译为“其实没必要…”。 5.should(n′t)have过去分词,表示应该做其事,但实际上未做或不应该做但实际上做了,译为“本(不)应该…”。 6.ought to have过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,译为“该…”。 7.could have过去分词,表示过去本来可以做,但却未做,译为“完全可以…”。 注意下面几个情态动词的习惯用法: had better do…(没有不定式符号to) had better not do…(not的位置不在had后面) would like to do…(带to) would not like to do…(注意not的位置) |
|
used to do…(to后接动词原形,不是ing形式) 四、非谓语动词常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.该用不定式作宾语而错用了动名词,或反之。 2.该用不定式完成式而错用了一般式。 3.该用不定式或动名词被动态而错用了主动态。 4.该用过去分词而错用了现在分词。 5.分词放在句首时,其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,构成垂悬分词的错误。 例句: Not too many (A)years ago (B),my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C)jogging in public (D)。 (答案:C to be seen,与she是受动关系) You will (A)almost always find (B)Caroline playing (C)a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D)。 (答案:D being challenged,enjoy要求动名词作宾语) When the tank car carried (A)the poisonous gas ran off (B)the rails,the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C)all traffic (D)。 (答案:A carrying,与逻辑主语car为施动关系,即“车载着…”) People cannot but (A)feel puzzling (B),for they simply cannot (C)understand how he could have made (D)such a stupid mistake. (答案:B puzzled,过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态) Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A)his secretary for (B)the mistake,for (C)he later discovered (D)it was his own fault. (答案:A having blamed,此处regret要求接动名词,其完成式表明blame发生在regret之前) |
|
When I consider how talented he is (A)as a painter (B),I cannot help but believing (C)that the public (D)will appreciate his gift. (答案:C believe,习惯用法cannot help but do) The bank is reported (A)in the (B)local newspaper to be robbed (C)in broad (D)daylight yesterday. (答案:C to have been robbed,yesterday是修饰不定式的,用完成式表示动作已发生) Using (A)English as a tool,some data (B)may be collected (C)for (D)the research work. (答案:A 可以考虑改为If we use,全句最好改为If we use English as a tool,we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主语data不可能作分词using的逻辑主语) [辨错思路] 1.首先要分辨动词的谓语形式与非谓语形式。如果题句中有两个动词形式划有横线,考生要分析句子的结构和语义,判断出哪个是谓语,哪个是非谓语,因为一个简单句或分句中不可能出现两个彼此间无连词连接的谓语。 2.在判定某个动词形式应为非谓语后,要辨别其应当是不定式,还是——ing形式或——ed分词。 3.在确定某一非谓语形式后,还要审查其时态语态是否有误;一般说来,已经发生了的动作用完成式,与逻辑主语的关系是受动,用被动态或过去分词。 4.注意非谓语动词的否定式是将否定词置于非谓语动词之前;据此判断否定词的位置是否有误。 5.观察分析句中的时间状语是修饰谓语动词,还是修饰非谓语动词,如果是后者,辨其时态是否有误。 |
|
6.不定式和分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,否则不定式的逻辑主语应视情况用for,of引导,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,据此判断是否存在垂悬分词的错误。 5.注意下列后接动名词的习惯用法: |
|
②It is useless doing… senseless nuisance worthwhile ③There is no use(in)doing… point sense harm ④have difficulty doing… trouble problem ⑤have a good time doing… hard difficult ⑥spend(time) wastedoing… ⑦be worth doing… busy ⑧feel like doing… ⑨can′t help doing… 6.下列习惯用语中都带有but,后面都接不带to的不定式: can not help but do… can not but do… can do nothing but do… can not choose but do… can not do anything but do… 但是:have nochoice but to do … alternative 7.下列动词、介词后接动名词具有主动形式、被动含义,注意不要再用动名词被动态: sth.be worth doing 比较:It′s worthwhile doing sth. past beyond sth.need doing want require demand bear deserve 五、一致关系常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 一致关系包括主语与谓语、代词与所指代的名词在人称和数上要保持一致两个方面。 1.主语是单数,谓语却是复数形式,或反之,主谓不一致的错误常出现在下列结构中: ①主谓倒装结构; ②主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰,所以距离较远,考生易误认主语; ③动名词短语或不定式短语作主语; ④主语带有with或such as等附加成分; ⑤关系代词作主语的定语从句; ⑥某些固定结构。 2.代词与所指代的名词不一致的错误常常是: ①在数上不一致; ②在人称上不一致; ③在格上不一致; ④出现在从属结构中。 例句: |
|
On each (A)side of the highway was (B)hundreds of billboards advertising (C)everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit (D)and bedspreads.(1995年考题) (答案:B were,倒装结构,主语是hundreds of…) The amount of pressure (A)which (B)the materials are subject (C)to affect (D)the quality of the products. (答案:D affects,主语与谓语之间有较长修饰语) Transforming (A)raw materials into (B)useful products are (C)called manufacturing (D)。 (答案:C is,主语是动名词短语) The dean of the college together with some other (A)faculty members are planning (B)a conference for the purpose of (C)laying down certain (D)regulations. (答案:B is planning,主语有附加语) There are many valuable services (A)which the public are (B)willing to pay for,but which (C)does not (D)bring a return in money to the community. (答案:D do not,第二个关系代词which作主语,先行词是services) One of the world′s largest (A)salt mines lie (B)directly under (C)rhe city (D)of Detroit. (答案:B lies,主语是one) George is one (A)of the graduate students who (B)has (C)got a part time (D)job. (答案:C have,与先行词students一致) Mr.Wang is the only one (A)of the teachers in (B)our university who (C)own (D)a car. (答案:D owns,与先行词one一致) 注意:上面三个带one的句子对谓语数的影响。 Many a (A)problem concerning the agricultural production (B)have been (C)solved this way (D)。 |
|
(答案:C has been,与a problem在语法上一致) It was during the 1920′s that (A)the friendship between (B)the two American writers Heminingway and Fitzgerald reached their (C)highest (D)point. (答案:C its,指代friendship,在数上一致) Each cigarette which a person smokes does (A)some (B)harm,and eventually you (C)may get a serious disease from its (D)effect. (答案:C he,指代a person,在人称上一致) It is required by law that a husband have to pay (A)the debts of his wife until (B)formal notice is given that (C)he no longer has to pay her (D)。 (答案:D to pay them,指代debts,在人称和数上一致) His achievements have earned him (A)respect from (B)both his colleagues and those (C)whose positions are higher than he (D)。 (答案:D his,指代his position,在格上一致) [辨错思路] 1.一般说来,测试主谓一致的试题主语都有修饰语或附加成分,因此,考生应仔细阅读句子,找出主语、谓语。如果谓语划有横线,就应考虑是否存在主谓不一致的错误。 2.主谓不一致错误的特点之一是,如果谓语应是单数,谓语前面的名词往往是复数;如果谓语应是复数,谓语前面的名词往往是单数(如1995年辨错改错题5),以形成假象,增大辨错难度。 3.在倒装结构中测试主谓一致的试题往往是表示地点的短语放置句首,谓语是表示状态的动词be,lie,stand,stay等,考生在辨错时注意这一规律。 |
|
4.如果作主语的名词既可表示单数又可表示复数意义,考生应善于利用句中出现的代词、限定词或数词等暗示来判断题句中主语表示的数的概念,进而分析谓语动词是否有误。 5.一个句子含有不止一个名词时,要分辨代词是否正确,关键是要搞清楚指代对象,然后再进一步分析是否在性、数、格、人称上与指代对象一致。 [改错要领] 在纠正一致关系错误时,除了了解一般的单复数概念外,还应掌握下列各特殊情况。 1.貌似单数、实是复数的词,包括data等不规则变化的复数名词,和只用作复数意义的词如police以及根据情况有时用作复数意义的集合名词如committee。 2.貌似复数、实是单数的名词,包括表示学科的词如politics;固定复数形式的词如means,series,species等。 注意:上面两种情况切不可望形生义。 3.动名词短语、不定式短语和名词从句作主语时,谓语用单数,如果用and连接上述相同的两个成分时,谓语则用复数。 4.主语带有as well as,accompanied by等附加成分时,该主语的数不受附加成分的影响。 5.两组结构相同但先行词不同导致从句中谓语数之不同的情况: one of 复数名词关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词是复数名词,从句中谓语用复数。 the only one复数名词关系代词引导的定语从句,先行词是one,从句中谓语用单数。 6.两组用法易混淆的含of的短语作主语时,谓语的数视名词的冠词而变:是不定冠词a,用复数;是定冠词the,用单数。 a number of…一些… the number of……的数量 a variety of……各种各样的… the variety of……的种类 注意:the majority of复数名词,“…的大多数”,谓语用复数。 7.四组并列连词连接的主语,其谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近动词的主语: |
|
either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,or。 8.三个固定用法的谓语的数单纯取决于主语数的形式,而不考虑主语数的实际意义: many a单数名词谓语用单数 more than one单数名词谓语用单数 agreat good many复数名词谓语用复数 9.由each,every修饰的名词,用第三人称单数指代。 10.“those of人称代词”构成短语时,指代短语的代词与短语中人称代词保持一致: those of us our those of you your 11.注意it is的缩写形式it′s与代词it的所有格形式its的区别,参见样题辨错改错(9)。 六、倒装结构常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.虚拟语气条件从句省略了连词if,主谓应倒装而未倒装。 2.句中含有要求必须倒装的词或句型,句子却用正常语序。 3.有的已倒装结构中采用助动词前置后,动词没有作相应变化。 4.在no matter how,however和how引导的状语从句中其后的形容词、副词没有随其移置主谓语之前而产生倒装。 5.在the more引导的比较从句中,其所修饰的名词没有随之移置主谓语之前而产生倒装。 6.疑问词引导的名词从句不应倒装而倒装。 例句: There is a real possibility (A)that (B)these animals could (C)be frightened,there should (D)be a loud moise. (答案:D should there,虚拟条件句省略if) Suddenly,Gallup′s name was on everyone′s lips (A);not only he was (B)the prophet of the moment,but (C)it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D)and most important method of prediction.(1996年考题) |
|
(答案:B was he,not only置于分句首,谓语动词应倒装) Little did we expected (A)that he would (B)fulfil (C)his task so rapidly (D)。 (答案:A expect,前面已有助动词did) Many people take it (A)for granted (B)that the more one has children (C),the more secure one′s late years (D)will be. (答案:C children one has,the more…the more结构) However (A)he tried hard (B),he still (C)failed in (D)the entrance exam. (答案:B 移至however之后) Why should he (A)have gone (B)to the free trade zone I don′t know;but he did go (C),remaining (D)away the whole day. (答案:A he should,疑问词引导名词性从句) [辨错思路] 1.如果两个句子之间没有连接词而使其构成并列或从属结构,就要分析一下其中之一是否是省略了if采用倒装的虚拟条件句。 2.如果试题句子起首部分出现了某些要求倒装结构的词语,则应进一步观察句内结构是否已按规则调整。 3.切记however,no matter how,more几个词的共性是修饰语,必须放在所修饰的词前面,决不能将它们与所修饰的词分开。 4.以wh——开头的句子不都是疑问句(可以通过标点符号判断),而恰恰更多的是名词性从句,语序应为陈述句语序。 5.注意观察已倒装结构中谓语动词在人称、数上是否与主语一致,时态是否与句子所提供的时间概念吻合。 [改错要领] 熟悉下列出现在句首、要求句子结构倒装的词和句型是做好此类试题的关键。 1.以否定词和具有否定意义的词组开头的句子: |
|
no,not,neither,nor,never,nowhere; little,seldom,barely,hardly,scarcely,rarely; no longer,no less,no more,no sooner…than; not until,even less,not once,not only…; under no circumtances,in no way,by no means,invain,on no account,at no time,at hardly any place. 2.以only状语(副词、介词短语、从句)起首的句子: only then,only at that time,only once…; only in this way,only with…,only through…,only by…; only when…,only after…。only because…。 3.以某些程度副词开头的句子: often,so,well. 4.以such或短语开头的句子: to such a degree,to such an extent,to such extremes,to such a point,etc. 5.以as引导让步状语从句时,从句中状语或表语要放在as前。 6.某些表示方向、位置的副词开头的句子,主谓要全部颠倒: out,down,up,in,…。 七、形容词、副词和比较结构常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.误用——ly副词作系动词表语或宾语补足语(见1996年考题4)。 2.混用由——ing分词和——ed分词转化的两种形容词。 3.误用形容词修饰形容词或分词。 4.误将没有比较级形式的形容词用于比较级形式。 5.比较结构有误,即原级比较结构与比较级结构混在一起使用,或比较级形容词用于as…as…结构,原级形容词用于…than…结构。 6.比较对象不一致,即不是同类事物相比较。 例句: |
|
A Four——year (A)study by the Infant Testing Center suggests that babies (B)feel more comfortably (C)around other (D)babies than with adults. (答案:C comfortable,形容词作表语) We found the poetry quite pleased (a)in form (B);I had (C)never seen one like it (D)before. (答案:A pleasing,此处应用——ing分词) If (A)you want a real (B)effective stereo that plays (C)music clearly,youd better buy (D)a graphic equalizer.(1995年考题) (答案:B really,副词修饰形容词) His method of doing (A)research work is hardly (B)appreciated;he feels (C)more inferior than (D)others. (答案:D inferior to,inferior没有比较级形式) On the whole (A),ambitious students are much likely (B)to succeed in their studies than are those (C)with (D)little ambition. (答案:B more likely,应用比较级形式,与句中than对应) Despite (A)this similarity with other (B)creatures,the evolution of humankind differs from other species (C)in one (D)important and unique way.(1996年考题) (答案:C that of other species,比较对象应一致) [辨错思路] 1.如果题句中形容词或副词划有横线,作为选择项,考生应当马上反应到是否其用法有错误,然后根据句中提供的其他信息判断是副词修饰形容词方面有错误、形容词作表语、补语方面有错误,还是比较结构、比较对象有错误。 |
|
2.一般说来,句中有形容词、副词比较级形式就应该有比较连词,反之亦然,因为more…than…是连在一起使用的对应结构,只有其一,没有其二是错误的。据此即便不懂得句子的意思,也能辨别出结构错误。 3.同样,as…as…是与形容词、副词原级一起出现的对应结构,因此,如果句中有原级形容词又有比较连词than,就是错误的;反过来,形容词比较级形式如出现在as…as…结构中也是错误的。 4.在同级比较结构中so总是用于否定句中,即…not so…as…,如句中出现了so形容词as…结构,考生就应去寻找否定词not,如果没有,就应分析一下是否应是肯定句结构as…as…,如1996年辨错改错题(2)。 5.如果确认结构上没有错误,考生应仔细推敲句子语义,弄清是谁跟谁在作比较,比较对象是否一致,对比成分是否采用相同形式。 6.如果句中出现最高级形式——est或most…,却没有比较范围,或者最高级形式与than用在一起,都是错误的。 [改错要领] 1.牢固掌握最基本的比较结构句型。 2.下列形容词没有比较级形式,表示比较时后面用to,不用than: inferior minor senior prior superiormajorjuniorpreferable 3.注意下列受副词修饰的形容词的位置: so as too how however形容词a单数可数名词 如:too large a room such what quite rathera形容词单数可数名词 如:quite a large room 4.注意下列以——ly结尾的是形容词: costly,friendly,leisurely,lonely,likely,brotherly,monthly等。 5.以——ing结尾的分词转化来的形容词通常带有主动含义,多用来修饰物;以——ed分词转化来的形容词通常带有被动意义,多用来修饰人,修饰物时用来表示状态。 6.最高级形式应于比较范围内对应出现,关于比较范围请注意: |
|
(1)最高级比较范围用介词in,over,of,among。 in,(all)over用于在某一范围内的比较,如:in China,all over the world;of,among用于在同一群体同类事物内的比较,如:among the teachers,of the four dresses。 注意:among…相当于one of…,不说among all…,参见1996年辨错改错题(5)。 (2)比较级形式表示最高级意义时,比较对象的范围应用: any other单数名词 the other复数名词 the others anyone/anything else 上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语,切不可遗漏,否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。 7.在改正对比成分不对称的错误时,经常用that或those代替比较内容,注意代词要与所指代的名词在数上一致。 8.注意习惯用语rather than,other than,no other than,虽然有than,但不是比较结构,不非得与比较级形容词同现。 比较结构历来是各层次英语语法测试的重点内容,仅1996年同等学力申请硕士学位英语统考中就占30%,考生应重点复习。 八、并列结构常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.混淆必须成对使用的并列连词。 2.并列的成分不一致。 3.成对的并列连词排列位置有错误,导致结构不结称。 例句: Clearly,Japan is still not very well understood in (A)the west;what westerners do know (B)seems to be (C)either extremely negative nor (D)extremely positive.(1995年考题) (答案:D or,混淆成对的连词) |
|
At school (A)he found that he hated eating (B)in the dining room,studied (C)for (D)his chemistry class,and doing his laundry.(1995年考题) (答案:C studying,并列成分在形式上不一致) Failure to advertise could (A)result in either reduced (B)sales and less (C)profit nor (D)legal actions.(1996年考题) (答案:D or,成对连词搭配不当) Usually you will be more likely (A)to find insects if (B)you examine finertwigs rather than (C)the coarse (D)parts of trees.(1996年考题) (答案:D coarser,rather than是连词,连接的成分在形式上不一致) The new tenant in (A)the apartment was obviously (B)both suspicious (C)and interested in (D)his neighbors.(1995年考题) (答案:C suspicious of,结构不对等) The value of radar lies (A)in not (B)being a substitute for the eye (C),but in doing what (D)the eye cannot do. (答案:B not in,对等连词not…but…排列位置有误) [辨错改错思路] 1.牢记下列成对的关联词必须同时出现,搭配使用,缺一换一均是错误的: both…and…,not only…but(also)…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but…,whether…or…,prefer…to…,rather than 2.并列连词应连接句法功能相同的成分和分句,它们应尽可能保持相同词性、相同词形和相同结构,即都是形容词,或都是介词短语,或都是不定式,或都是动名词,或都是句子,否则是错误的。 3.对等关联词必须分别置于两个平行的并列成分之前,即放在两个谓语之前、或两个宾语之前、或两个主语之前等,否则是错误的。 |
|
4.如果并列连词连接的是两个不同形容词,且形容词后面又有不同的介词搭配,切记不要丢掉其中一个介词,否则是错误的。如1995年辨错改错题(9)。 九、从属结构常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 从属结构常见错误主要集中在误用关系代词和从属连词上。 1.利用考生的汉语思维方式,错用that引导非限定性定语从句。 2.误用because引导表示原因的表语从句。 3.在“介词+关系代词+定语从句”结构中漏掉或误用介词。 4.某些定语从句应用that引导而错用其他关系代词引导。 5.误用从属连词,使主从句形成错误的不合逻辑的语义关系。 例句: In spite of (A)the ever——increasing exploitatin of natural resources,that (B)has now reached dangerous proportion,little (C)has been done on a world——wide (D)scale to slow down or stop this process.(1995年考题) (答案:B which,只能用which引导非限定性定语从句) The reason why (A)I came late for (B)the meeting was because (C)my car broke down (D)。 (答案:C that,此处不能用because引导表示原因的表语从句) This is the most important respect which (A)civilized man (B)can be distinguished from (C)primitive communities (D)。 (答案:A in which,相当于in this respect) Albert Einstein is one of (A)the greatest men who (B)have ever (C)been known to us (D)in the field of physics. (答案:B that,先行词有最高级修饰,定语从句用that而不用其他关系代词引导) |
|
This book costs (A)me five yuanAs (B)you have been a good friend to me,you may borrow it as far as (C)you keep it clean (D)。 (答案:C as long as,从属连词误用) You should check (A)the air in the tyres (B)as (C)you start on (D)a long automobile trip. (答案:C before,从属连词误用) It (A)is because she is too (B)inexperienced therefore (C)she does not know how (D)to deal with the situation. (答案:C that,强调句结构:It is…that…) There are two spare rooms in the building,neither (A)of them (B)has (C)been provided with (D)modern facilities. (答案:B which,非限定性定语从句) [辨错思路] 1.与汉语不同,英语中两个句子之间一般说来不能用逗号连接,而要根据语义的不同,用适当的连词或关系代词使它们形成从属或并列关系。因此,当题句包含不止一个句子时,考生就应审查一下,看它们之间是否有连接手段,如果没有,就是错误的,如例句1和例句8。 2.非限定性定语从句前面有逗号标志,先行词是物或前面整个句子时,关系代词用which,如果是人,用who或whom引导,据此,可判断出逗号后面一句由that或this开头是错的,应用which,如例句1和例句8。 3.如果主语是reason,表语就不能再用because引导,要用that,否则意思重叠,所以当because划有横线时,考生就要分析一下用得对否。 |
|
4.记住:关系代词一定要在从句中充当某种成分,即主语、宾语、表语或定语,如果从句中主宾成分齐全,便可断定关系代词在从句中是作状语,而状语通常用介词短语充当,于是可以得知,关系代词前面应有介词,如果题句中没有,就是错的,再根据与名词词组的搭配选择合适的介词。 5.如果关系代词在从句中充当宾语,而从句中谓语又是非及物动词,考生则要观察一下动词后是否有介词使其具有及物作用(此处介词漏掉是常见错误之一),如果没有,再看关系代词前是否有介词,如果也没有,就是错误的。若关系代词划有横线,要在其前加上介词;若动词划有横线,则在动词后加上介词,注意与动词的搭配。 6.关系代词whose在从句中作定语,修饰名词。所以,如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词,且关系代词又划有横线,不在从句中作宾语,那么,这个关系代词就应该是whose。 7.如果定语从句没有先行词,那么这个关系代词就应该是what,否则是错误的;反之,关系代词是what,又有先行词,那么也是错误的。 [改错要领] 1.先行词是all,one,much,little,some,those,few,a few,anything,everything,nothing,或先行词受any,no,only,the same,very,或受形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词无论指人还是指物都用that。 2.as 和which引导非限定性定语从句,指代前面整个主句时,其区别是: 如果主句在前,用which/as都可以; 如果主句在后,只能用as,as还可插在主句中间。 3.下列关系代词不需要先行词: what,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever。 4.下列副词和名词词组可以起连接词作用: immediately,directly,instantly; each/every time,the first time,last/next time。 5.注意unless一词本身具有否定意义,相当于if…not…,不易被考生掌握,尤其要引起重视。 |
|
6.下列连接词语在辨错改错题中经常互为正确与错误设置,即应该是其一,设置成其二;应该是其二,设置成其一: that——which who——whom as far as——as long as so far as——so long as such…that——such…as unless——if |
|
|
| 【关闭窗口】 | |